Sometimes the stronger person holds the door open to allow the person on crutches to enter first. You could just as well write the following:. Because Amy left the iron on, the dorm's obsolete wiring melted and started a fire. When the firemen arrived at the dorm, Jennifer and Mai had already put out the fire. The important thing to remember about subordination is that the punctuationdiffers depending on whether the independent or the dependent clause "enters" first.
If the dependent clause is first again, rather like an introduction to the main clause , it is followed by a comma like in this sentence and the next. If the independent clause comes first, no punctuation separates the two. For variety or to fine-tune meaning, you may choose to combine two independent clauses, making one of the clauses subordinate to the other with the addition of a subordinating conjunction:.
While Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet, Mai figured out how to fix the garbage disposal. Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet since Mai was figuring out how to fix the garbage disposal. Here is a partial list of subordinating conjunctions. Some textbooks call them "dependent-making words," or "dependent marker words.
Common Subordinating Conjunctions after although as as if because before even though if in order that rather than since so that than that though unless until when whenever whereas whether while. While other punctuation rules apply to particular kinds of clauses for example, see the TIP Sheet Relative Pronouns: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses , if you learn to distinguish independent from dependent clauses and recognize subordinating conjunctions you will be more apt to avoid some common fragment and punctuation errors in your writing.
Independent and Dependent Clauses: Coordination and Subordination. For example, each of the following independent clauses can stand alone: Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet before leaving for the party. You can choose one of two methods: Join two independent clauses with a semicolon. Join two independent clauses with a comma and coordinating conjunction.
These two methods of coordination are demonstrated below: Jennifer put a new washer in the bathroom faucet before leaving for the party; Mai figured out how to fix the garbage disposal. One subject and one verb. One subject and two verbs. Two subjects and two verbs. A sentence that consists of two or more independent clauses. Independent clauses can be joined into a compound sentence using a coordinating conjunction such as for, and , or but. They also can be joined by a ; semicolon.
Two independent clauses joined by a semicolon. A sentence that consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. These clauses can be joined into a complex sentence using a subordinating conjunction, such as which, because, before, after, if, since, until, and when , etc One independent clause and one dependent clause. The lecturer who spoke on Wednesday inspired controversy; the students asked for a study group to consider his topic further.
Scroll to Top. The Skidmore Guide to Writing. Navigation Menu. Clauses What is a clause? There are two types of clauses: independent clauses and dependent clauses. Combining clauses When you write sentences, you have some choices as to how to use independent and dependent clauses.
Just remember these rules: You can combine two independent clauses when you use correct punctuation. You can combine a dependent clause and an independent clause. You simply can use an independent clause as a full sentence. You cannot join two dependent clauses to make a full sentence.
You cannot let a dependent clause stand alone as a sentence. Twitter Page YouTube Channel. I refuse to join any club that would have me as a member. Groucho Marx The dependent clause "that would have me as a member" describes the club.
It's an adjective clause. I find television very educating. When it ' s on, I go into the other room and read a book.
Groucho Marx The dependent clause "When it's on" modifies the verb "go. A black cat crossing your path signifies that the animal is going somewhere. Groucho Marx According to the yes-camp, "that the animal is going somewhere" is a dependent clause despite being part of the independent clause.
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