Around 56 percent of rivers were dominantly yellow over the course of the study and 38 percent were dominantly green. The team has released an interactive map where the public can further investigate color trends in individual rivers. It is not unusual for rivers to change colors, explained Gardner. They change all the time because of fluctuations in flow, concentrations of sediments, and the amount of dissolved organic matter or algae in the water.
For example, yellow-tinted rivers are typically sediment-laden but low in algae. Blue water, which is usually easier to see through, has little algae and sediment. Green water usually has algae as its dominant feature. In the study, the team found around 21 percent of rivers became greener, most commonly in the western United States. Around 12 percent of the rivers shifted towards yellow, many in the eastern United States.
Often the water appears a bit milky in addition to green I assume you need a certain amount of suspension to get the milkiness. If CO2 is off gassing in the river some calcium carbonate would start to precipitate out of solution.
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The most common cause for water to change color is minerals. When a rock is weathered down over time, the minerals from the rock are dissolved and small pieces are released into the water causing different colors.
Iron, manganese, and calcium carbonate from limestone all common minerals that can cause water to range in color from red and orange to green and blue. Erosion from river banks brings soil into the river, changing the color. After heavy storms, many rivers run brown from all the runoff flowing into the river. Clay can cause rivers to be murky whiteuddy brown, or yellow. Algal blooms are natural occurring overgrowths of algae caused by sunlight, slow water, or nutrients.
Pollution runoff from humans can also increase nutrients in the water and cause an algal bloom. Algae affect not only the health of a river but also the color. Green algae in rivers and streams often lends a blue-green color to the water. Some mountain lakes and streams that contain finely ground rock, such as glacial flour, are turquoise. The surface of water can also reflect skylight.
The green color of the Colorado River is caused by the algae bloom in the spring snowmelt, while the Red Sea may get its name from the occasional bloom of red Trichodesmium erythraeum algae. Particles in water can scatter light. The Colorado River is often a muddy red color because of suspended reddish silt in the water.
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